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101. Testing activity which is performed to expose defects in the interfaces and in the interaction between integrated components is?
Integration Level Testing
102. What are the Structure-based (white-box) testing techniques?
Structure-based testing techniques (which are also dynamic rather than static) use the internal structure of the software to derive test cases. They are commonly called 'white-box' or 'glass-box' techniques (implying you can see into the system) since they require knowledge of how the software is implemented, that is, how it works. For example, a structural technique may be concerned with exercising loops in the software. Different test cases may be derived to exercise the loop once, twice, and many times. This may be done regardless of the functionality of the software.
103. When "Regression Testing" should be performed?
After the software has changed or when the environment has changed Regression Testing should be performed.
104. What is negative and positive testing?
A negative test is when you put in an invalid input and receives errors. While a positive testing, is when you put in a valid input and expect some action to be completed in accordance with the specification.
105. What is the purpose of a test completion criterion?
The purpose of test completion criterion is to determine when to stop testing
106. What can static analysis NOT find?
For example memory leaks.
107. What is the difference between re-testing and regression testing?
Re-testing ensures the original fault has been removed; regression testing looks for unexpected side effects.
108. What are the Experience-based testing techniques?
In experience-based techniques, people's knowledge, skills and background are a prime contributor to the test conditions and test cases. The experience of both technical and business people is important, as they bring different perspectives to the test analysis and design process. Due to previous experience with similar systems, they may have insights into what could go wrong, which is very useful for testing.
109. What type of review requires formal entry and exit criteria, including metrics?
Inspection
110. Could reviews or inspections be considered part of testing?
Yes, because both help detect faults and improve quality.
111. An input field takes the year of birth between 1900 and 2004 what are the boundary values for testing this field?
1899,1900,2004,2005
112. Which of the following tools would be involved in the automation of regression test? a. Data tester b. Boundary tester c. Capture/Playback d. Output comparator.
d. Output comparator
113. To test a function, what has to write a programmer, which calls the function to be tested and passes it test data.
Driver
114. What is the one Key reason why developers have difficulty testing their own work?
Lack of Objectivity
115."How much testing is enough?"
The answer depends on the risk for your industry, contract and special requirements.
116. When should testing be stopped?
It depends on the risks for the system being tested. There are some criteria bases on which you can stop testing.
117. Which of the following is the main purpose of the integration strategy for integration testing in the small?
The main purpose of the integration strategy is to specify which modules to combine when and how many at once.
118.What are semi-random test cases?
Semi-random test cases are nothing but when we perform random test cases and do equivalence partitioning to those test cases, it removes redundant test cases, thus giving us semi-random test cases.
119. Given the following code, which statement is true about the minimum number of test cases required for full statement and branch coverage?
Read p
Read q
IF p+q> 100
THEN Print "Large"
ENDIF
IF p > 50
THEN Print "p Large"
ENDIF
1 test for statement coverage, 2 for branch coverage
120. Which review is normally used to evaluate a product to determine its suitability for intended use and to identify discrepancies?
Technical Review.
121. Faults found should be originally documented by whom?
By testers.
122. Which is the current formal world-wide recognized documentation standard?
There isn't one.
123. Which of the following is the review participant who has created the item to be reviewed?
Author
124. A number of critical bugs are fixed in software. All the bugs are in one module, related to reports. The test manager decides to do regression testing only on the reports module.
Regression testing should be done on other modules as well because fixing one module may affect other modules.
125. Why does the boundary value analysis provide good test cases?
Because errors are frequently made during programming of the different cases near the 'edges' of the range of values.
126. What makes an inspection different from other review types?
It is led by a trained leader, uses formal entry and exit criteria and checklists.
127. Why can be tester dependent on configuration management?
Because configuration management assures that we know the exact version of the testware and the test object.
128. What is a V-Model?
A software development model that illustrates how testing activities integrate with software development phases
129. What is maintenance testing?
Triggered by modifications, migration or retirement of existing software
130. What is test coverage?
Test coverage measures in some specific way the amount of testing performed by a set of tests (derived in some other way, e.g. using specification-based techniques). Wherever we can count things and can tell whether or not each of those things has been tested by some test, then we can measure coverage.
131. Why is incremental integration preferred over "big bang" integration?
Because incremental integration has better early defects screening and isolation ability
132. When do we prepare RTM (Requirement traceability matrix), is it before test case designing or after test case designing?
It would be before test case designing. Requirements should already be traceable from Review activities since you should have traceability in the Test Plan already. This question also would depend on the organisation. If the organisations do test after development started then requirements must be already traceable to their source. To make life simpler use a tool to manage requirements.
133. What is called the process starting with the terminal modules?
Bottom-up integration
134. During which test activity could faults be found most cost effectively?
During test planning
135. The purpose of requirement phase is
To freeze requirements, to understand user needs, to define the scope of testing
136. Why we split testing into distinct stages?
We split testing into distinct stages because of following reasons,
137. What is DRE?
To measure test effectiveness a powerful metric is used to measure test effectiveness known as DRE (Defect Removal Efficiency) From this metric we would know how many bugs we have found from the set of test cases. Formula for calculating DRE is
DRE=Number of bugs while testing / number of bugs while testing + number of bugs found by user
138. Which of the following is likely to benefit most from the use of test tools providing test capture and replay facilities? a) Regression testing b) Integration testing c) System testing d) User acceptance testing
Regression testing
139. How would you estimate the amount of re-testing likely to be required?
Metrics from previous similar projects and discussions with the development team
140. What studies data flow analysis?
The use of data on paths through the code.
141. What is a failure?
Failure is a departure from specified behaviour.
142. What are Test comparators?
Is it really a test if you put some inputs into some software, but never look to see whether the software produces the correct result? The essence of testing is to check whether the software produces the correct result, and to do that, we must compare what the software produces to what it should produce. A test comparator helps to automate aspects of that comparison.
143. Who is responsible for document all the issues, problems and open point that were identified during the review meeting
Scribe
144. What is the main purpose of Informal review
Inexpensive way to get some benefit
145. What is the purpose of test design technique?
Identifying test conditions and Identifying test cases
146. When testing a grade calculation system, a tester determines that all scores from 90 to 100 will yield a grade of A, but scores below 90 will not. This analysis is known as:
Equivalence partitioning
147. A test manager wants to use the resources available for the automated testing of a web application. The best choice is Tester, test automater, web specialist, DBA
148. During the testing of a module tester 'X' finds a bug and assigned it to developer. But developer rejects the same, saying that it's not a bug. What 'X' should do?
Send to the detailed information of the bug encountered and check the reproducibility
149. A type of integration testing in which software elements, hardware elements, or both are combined all at once into a component or an overall system, rather than in stages.
Big-Bang Testing
150. In practice, which Life Cycle model may have more, fewer or different levels of development and testing, depending on the project and the software product. For example, there may be component integration testing after component testing, and system integration testing after system testing.
V-Model
151. Which technique can be used to achieve input and output coverage? It can be applied to human input, input via interfaces to a system, or interface parameters in integration testing.
Equivalence partitioning
152. "This life cycle model is basically driven by schedule and budget risks" This statement is best suited for…
V-Model
153. In which order should tests be run?
The most important one must tests first
154. The later in the development life cycle a fault is discovered, the more expensive it is to fix. Why?
The fault has been built into more documentation, code, tests, etc
155. What is Coverage measurement?
It is a partial measure of test thoroughness.
156. What is Boundary value testing?
Test boundary conditions on, below and above the edges of input and output equivalence classes. For instance, let say a bank application where you can withdraw maximum Rs.20,000 and a minimum of Rs.100, so in boundary value testing we test only the exact boundaries, rather than hitting in the middle. That means we test above the maximum limit and below the minimum limit.
157. What is Fault Masking?
Error condition hiding another error condition.
158. What does COTS represent?
Commercial off The Shelf.
159.The purpose of which is allow specific tests to be carried out on a system or network that resembles as closely as possible the environment where the item under test will be used upon release?
Test Environment
160. What can be thought of as being based on the project plan, but with greater amounts of detail?
Phase Test Plan
161. Rapid Application Development?
Rapid Application Development (RAD) is formally a parallel development of functions and subsequent integration. Components/functions are developed in parallel as if they were mini projects, the developments are time-boxed, delivered, and then assembled into a working prototype. This can very quickly give the customer something to see and use and to provide feedback regarding the delivery and their requirements. Rapid change and development of the product is possible using this methodology. However the product specification will need to be developed for the product at some point, and the project will need to be placed under more formal controls prior to going into production.
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